Symptoms of urinary calculi in dogs and cats

Urinary calculus in dogs and cats is caused by urinary tract stones. Common symptoms are pain, agitation, blood in the urine, frequent and urgent urination, inability to hold urine and constant irritation secondary to cystitis. Stones can cause urinary blockage if they block the urethra and animals with prolonged urinary blockage can have life-threatening problems due to elevated potassium ions and urea nitrogen.