Canine mange mite disease, commonly known as “mange dog disease”, is the most common chronic parasitic skin disease in dogs, it is caused by the mange mite, not only can cause severe itching, and treatment is also relatively troublesome, if not pay attention to timely treatment, may also threaten the life of the dog. Pathogenesis: Adult canine mange mites are round, slightly yellowish white, with a raised back and flattened abdomen. The female mite is 0.30-0.45 mm long and the male is 0.19-0.23 mm long. The development of the mange mite takes place in four stages: egg, larva, worm and adult. Its entire developmental process is spent in the dog and is generally completed in l-3 weeks. The scabies mite digs tunnels in the epidermis of the dog’s skin and the female lays eggs in the tunnels, each female can lay 20-50 eggs in her lifetime. The eggs hatch into larvae, which have 3 pairs of legs and a body length of 0.11-0.14 mm. The hatched larvae crawl to the surface of the skin, cut small cavities in the skin and molt inside the cavities to become a worm, which burrows into the skin to dig shallow tunnels and molt inside to become an adult. The female worms live about 3-4 weeks and the male worms die after mating. Etiology: direct contact between healthy dogs and sick dogs, or indirect contact with kennel utensils contaminated by mange mites and their eggs, etc., can cause infection. Wet kennels, poor canine hygiene, high skin surface humidity and low lung function can promote the development of the disease. The scabies mite is parasitic in the skin of the dog, biting and chiseling, moving, chewing and piercing the skin, causing severe itching, oozing, skin desquamation, keratosis, skin hypertrophy and hair loss, etc., while the affected dog scratches and crawls, rubs and gnaws the skin and causes skin trauma. Mange mite disease occurs in winter, late autumn and early spring. The disease occurs mainly on the head (base of the nose, eyes, and ears) and sometimes starts on the forehead, underbelly, armpits, inner thighs, and tail roots, and then spreads throughout the body. The disease begins with erythema on the skin, followed by small nodules, especially on the thinner skin, where small blisters or even pustules can be seen. In addition, there is a lot of bran-like flaking, or crusty eczema, and then the skin is thickened, the coat is shed, and the surface is covered with scabs, which are bright red and moist when removed, often accompanied by bleeding. The thickened skin, especially on the face, neck and chest, often forms folds. Itching is intense throughout the course of the disease and becomes more intense when the temperature rises or when the body temperature rises after exercise. The sick dog gnaws and rubs all day long, and is irritable, affecting normal feeding and resting, reducing digestion and absorption functions, and gradually losing weight, followed by failure and even death. If the disease occurs around the eyes, it can lead to blindness in serious cases. The diagnosis is confirmed by clinical symptoms and laboratory diagnosis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by scraping the skin at the junction of the diseased skin and healthy skin with a sterilized surgical blade, placing the diseased material on a slide, picking up 50% glycerin solution, adding a coverslip, and placing it under a microscope to examine the live scabies mites that can be seen. Treatment 1. the affected part of the hair cut off, clean the affected part. 2. ivermectin (pest get extinguished) 1% concentration. 0.5-1 mg / kg body weight, subcutaneous injection of the back, once every 6-7 months, 2-3 times for a course of treatment. Most of the affected dogs can be cured after 2-3 times of clinical application.3. Bath therapy: lindane, 0.03-0.06% of the liquid bath, repeated once after a week.4. 0.5% of trichlorfon liquid rubbed on the affected area, to prevent the concentration is too high or let the dog lick it to cause poisoning, repeatedly rubbed once after 7 days.5. Russian broad-spectrum special effects to remove mange, topical spray, 2 days to the skin of the affected area, spray once. The effect can be seen only after three times of medication. Prevention 1. isolate dogs with mange mites to prevent mutual infection. 2. keep the kennel and dog body dry and clean. The kennel should be ventilated, high and sunny, and cleaned regularly to keep it clean and tidy. 3. Bathe the dog regularly, especially for long-haired dogs, and wash it once a day in summer, and in other seasons according to the season. When the temperature is low, dry the dog with a dry towel and blow dry with a hair dryer after washing. Insist on combing the hair every day to ensure the dog’s skin is clean and hygienic. 4. Quarantine the sick dog as soon as possible and disinfect all utensils. Avoid contact between a healthy dog and a sick dog. Note 1. When treating canine mange mite disease, observe whether there is inflammation of the affected skin, measure the body temperature, and cooperate with antibiotic treatment (lincomycin, penicillin subcutaneous injection or oral vincristine) if secondary infection occurs. 2. Keep the pet in a cool, dry, ventilated place during the hot season.
