What are the causes of abnormal urination in dogs?

There are many causes of abnormal urination in dogs, some of the more common ones are cystitis, bladder urethral stones and crystals. A differential diagnosis is required and it is recommended that you visit your vet to check for specific problems, urinalysis, blood tests, biochemistry, as well as x-rays and ultrasound. Particular attention should be paid to the presence of urinary shutdown in male dogs, which can cause acute renal failure over time.