The survival time for cats suffering from heart failure is often uncertain and is mainly related to the course of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. Causes of heart failure in cats include taurine deficiency, increased cardiac load, cardiomyopathy and pericardial disease. In left heart failure, the cat presents with rapid breathing, dyspnoea and rales of various nature in the lungs on auscultation, accompanied by coughing. In right heart failure, systemic oedema can result, with clinical signs of ascites, panting and occasionally pleural fluid.
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