Cystitis in cats is an inflammation that occurs in the bladder and is divided into two main categories respectively acute cystitis and chronic cystitis. It is mainly caused by specific and non-specific bacterial infections, and other specific types of cystitis. Categories and causes I. Acute cystitis 1. sudden and rapid onset of inflammation of the bladder. 2. bacterial cystitis is often acute. 3. morphological features of acute cystitis are diffuse congestion multifocal submucosal hemorrhage superficial mucosal edema mucosa with purulent leukocyte infiltration. It usually does not involve the muscular layer. Second, chronic cystitis 1. is often secondary to chronic urinary tract infection in other parts of the urinary tract. 2. the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate differs from that of acute cystitis. 3. the morphologic features of chronic cystitis are the mucosa may be pale and thin; the integrity of the epithelium may be disrupted, forming an easily fragmented ulcerated surface; thickening due to fibrous tissue and formation of trabeculae in the bladder wall; decreased stretch of the bladder wall due to loss of elasticity; submucosal and muscular layer formation infiltration of fibroblastic lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells; vasodilatation. III. Variants of acute/chronic cystitis 1. hemorrhagic cystitis, in which bleeding is the main component. 2. purulent cystitis seen with large amounts of purulent exudate. If coagulative necrosis of the exudate and mucosa occurs, this condition can be called membranous cystitis. 3. gangrenous cystitis where the mucosa and wall become green to black due to severe infection/inflammation and ischemia and extreme necrosis occurs. Fourth, special types of cystitis 1. emphysematous cystitis infected with gas-producing bacteria that can cause gas-filled vesicles in the bladder wall. If this is seen, diabetes is usually present.2. Polypoid cystitis is a condition in which the mucosa forms folds of fuzzy or polypoid protrusions with a center of connective tissue and mononuclear cells. The polypoid protrusions are usually covered with epithelium. Symptoms include frequent urination with low urine output; or dyspareunia, which manifests as dribbling (punctate) urine, with urinary posture but no urine. On palpation, the bladder is bulbous and enlarged mostly for urolithiasis cystitis. 2 to 3 days without urination there is a risk of toxin absorption, causing bladder rupture or failure. Diagnostic interrogation can tell how the cat has been urinating for several days, including the volume, frequency and color of urine. Palpation of the bladder will reveal the volume of urine. If urinary calculi are suspected, radiographs should be taken to confirm the location of the urinary calculi (in the urethra and bladder). The urine sediment contains white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria and metastatic epithelial cells, and has an alkaline pH. Treatment 1. bacterial infection in cystitis makes the urine alkaline, oral ammonium chloride 0.1 g 3-4 times/day can correct the urine pH. 2. anti-inflammatory and antibacterial: ampicillin, haloperidol or pirperidol. 3. catheter catheterization. 4. hematuria injection of hemostatic drugs. 5. urinary stones should be surgically removed depending on the location of the stones in the urethra and bladder. 6. dietary therapy, give urine to special cat food or veterinary Prescription food. Note that cats with bladder infections need to be treated promptly by the owner.
