Uremia is an autotoxic syndrome in dogs caused by the accumulation of metabolites and other toxic substances in the body due to renal failure. It is the most serious manifestation of renal failure. The symptoms dog uremia can cause the body of a variety of tissue and organ dysfunction, therefore, the clinical symptoms are also complex and diverse. 1. the nervous system, mainly manifested as extreme depression, disorders of consciousness, coma and convulsions and other symptoms. 2. the circulatory system, often appear hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, the late stage can cause pericarditis and hear pericardial friction sounds. 3. the digestive system, mainly manifested indigestion and enteritis symptoms. 4. the respiratory system. 4. respiratory system, due to acidosis, respiration can be accelerated and deepened, showing periodic dyspnea; due to the accumulation of metabolites, it can cause uremic bronchitis, pneumonia and pleurisy, and show the corresponding symptoms. 5. hematological system, there are varying degrees of anemia, and in the late stage, bleeding from the nose, gums and digestive tract, petechiae under the skin, etc. 6. imbalance of electrolyte balance, can be accompanied by hyperkalemia Hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. 7. Dry and wrinkled skin, decreased elasticity, flaking, itching and often subcutaneous edema. Laboratory findings such as blood tests, urinalysis, and renal function tests may help confirm the diagnosis. Severe disease is usually. Coma, convulsions, respiratory distress, heart failure. The causes of uremia are usually as follows: 1. Toxic substances absorbed from the intestine, such as phenol, tyramine benzene diamine, etc., are absorbed into the blood from the intestine, and then toxic substances accumulate in the blood due to kidney failure and reduced detoxification function of the liver, causing poisoning. 2. The accumulation of toxic products of protein decomposition, such as guanidine compounds, can inhibit the activity of certain enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, ATPase, etc.) in the body, which can lead to convulsions in the affected dog, and can also induce gastroenteritis, pericarditis, hemorrhage and reduced immune function in dogs. 4. Acidosis occurs due to impaired excretion of acidic metabolites, causing respiratory and cardiovascular activity changes and coma. The diagnosis is confirmed when ulcers are seen on examination, along with blood biochemical results showing uremia. Treatment 1. In feeding, high quality low protein high energy and vitamin rich food should be given, adequate water should be given, and if there is no edema when starving appropriate salt supplementation. If you can’t eat, you can supply nutrition by intravenous. Eliminate the cause of the disease and actively treat the primary cause of uremia, such as timely treatment of renal failure, improve renal microcirculation, contact urethral obstruction, etc. 2. Correct disorders of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. In case of acidosis, 5% sodium bicarbonate solution or 11.2% sodium lactate solution should be injected intravenously for 10-40 ml. 3. In case of high blood phosphorus and low blood potassium, aluminum hydroxide gel can be given orally for 5-10 ml three times a day to stop the absorption of phosphorus and reduce the loss of calcium. In case of elevated blood potassium, take 2.5-5g of sodium cation exchange resin orally 3 times a day, or inject 25% glucose solution 50-100ml intravenously plus insulin 5-10u. synthesis, nandrolone phenylpropionate or testosterone propionate 10-30mg/time can be injected intramuscularly every other day or twice a week. Prevention of how to prevent renal failure in dogs? The following points should be done: 1. Avoid feeding human food and poor quality dog food. 2. Provide sufficient clean drinking water to your dog at all times and encourage your dog to drink more water. 3. Keep an eye on changes in your dog’s behavior, diet and mental state. 4. Have a physical examination at least once a year and at least twice a year after the age of 7. 5. If there is no special need, it is best to have your dog neutered at the right age. The dog’s body is a good example of how to get the most out of your dog. urinary system: polyuria, nocturia, irregular kidney morphology, impaired erythropoiesis; 4. gastrointestinal tract: decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal ulcers, halitosis, uremic oral ulcers, constipation; 5. eyes, skin and coat: pruritus, increased coat loss, pale mucous membranes, retinopathy, sudden blindness, sclera and conjunctiva congestion; 6. neuromuscular: tremor, abnormal gait, muscle weakness, myoclonus, abnormal behavior, cerebral nerve defects, seizures, coma.
