Canine infectious hepatitis is an acute septicemic infection of canines caused by canine adenovirus type I. It is characterized by central necrosis of the liver lobules, inclusion bodies in the nuclei of the liver parenchyma and cortical cells, and prolonged coagulation. It is characterized by central necrosis of liver lobules, inclusion bodies in the nuclei of liver parenchymal cells and cortical cells, and prolonged coagulation time. Clinically, it is characterized by saddle-shaped hyperthermia, poor hemagglutination, and corneal clouding. The disease can occur throughout the year, and is especially common in winter. The disease mainly affects dogs within 1 year of age, but rarely occurs in adult dogs and is generally insidious, with most recovering on their own. The main causes of infectious hepatitis in dogs are: 1. The virus is mainly present in the blood of the sick dog at the beginning of the disease, and later there is a large amount of virus in various secretions and excretions, and discharged out of the body, contaminating the external environment. The virus can also be excreted from urine for up to 6-9 months after the disease has healed. The virus is very resistant and can survive for a long time under low temperature conditions, and is still pathogenic in soil for 10-14 days, and can survive for a long time in the kennel. However, heating can quickly kill the virus. Symptoms Once a dog has infectious hepatitis, it will show the following symptoms: The incubation period for dogs naturally infected with canine infectious hepatitis is about 7 days. The most acute cases die within a few hours after showing signs of vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In acute cases, there are symptoms such as depression, chills and fear of cold, elevated body temperature of about 40.5°C, loss of appetite, preference for water, vomiting and diarrhea. In subacute cases, the symptoms are less reactive. In addition to the milder acute symptoms mentioned above, anemia, jaundice, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes, and the characteristic symptoms are corneal edema, clouding, and blue corneas in the eyes. It is also known clinically as “blue eye”. The eyes are half-closed, shy and tearful, with a large amount of plasma discharge, and the corneal clouding is characterized by expansion from the center of the cornea to the periphery. In severe cases, it can lead to corneal perforation. During the recovery period, the cloudy cornea slowly fades from the periphery to the center, and most dogs with receding cloudiness can heal themselves with varying degrees of jaundice of the visible mucosa. Diagnosis To determine whether a dog is suffering from infectious hepatitis, the following symptoms can be judged: 1. clinical symptoms whether there is an increase in body temperature, up to 41 ℃, shame and tears, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, hepatitis blue eye and other symptoms. 2. imaging ultrasound examination (uneven echogenicity of the liver surface, the appearance of strong echoes. Laboratory tests: blood cell examination: whether the virus infection, anemia symptoms; biochemical tests: glutamic aminotransferase, glutamic oxalacetic aminotransferase, bilirubin elevation. There is no specific treatment for viral diseases, but generally on the basis of symptomatic treatment, liver protection, detoxification, control of secondary infection and correction of water-electrolyte balance disorders. 1. Highly immune serum treatment: in the early stage of the disease, timely use of canine infectious hepatitis highly immune serum, 5ml per time for small dogs, 10-15ml per time for large dogs, once a day, intramuscular injection, for 3 days. 2. 5mg, 10mg for large dogs, intramuscular injection, once every other day for 3 times, 5 units of interferon for small dogs, 10 units for large dogs, intramuscular injection, once a day for 5-7 days, and also transfer factor: 10 units for large dogs, 5 units for small dogs, once a day for 3 days. 3. Glucose infusion for liver protection: intravenous injection of 10% glucose solution at a dose of 30-50ml/kg body weight, together with ATP 5-10mg, inosine 50-100mg and vitamin C 0.5g once a day for 5-7 days. 4. Antiviral drugs: polymyxin 0.5mg for small dogs and 1-2mg for large dogs. 5. Control of secondary infection: ampicillin, 10-20mg/kg, intramuscular or intravenous; together with kanamycin 300,000-500,000, intramuscular injection, twice a day, for one week. The following are some of the most common preventive measures used in the world. Prevention is now common around the world using inactivated or weak vaccine for canine infectious hepatitis, either alone or in combination with distemper vaccine. The first vaccination is given at 9 weeks of age and the second at 15 weeks of age. It has been found that attenuated canine infectious hepatitis virus can be excreted from the urine of immunized dogs and that susceptible dogs can be immunized without showing symptoms after contact with this attenuated virus. Note that vaccinations must be administered reasonably regularly so as to strengthen your pet’s own immunity and increase resistance to the outside environment.
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