Generally speaking, a female dog is able to mate normally when she is about one and a half years old. If she does not show signs of estrus for a long time after one and a half years old, or if she is still unable to conceive after several mating sessions, it is basically confirmed that she is suffering from infertility. Symptoms of infertility are usually a lack of estrus, repeated mating and failure to conceive, or in severe cases, an inability to mate. The conception rate of female dogs is affected by various factors, whether it is feeding management, their own health, or whether the male dog is normal, which need to be checked several times to be sure. 1. Improper feeding management: If the owner is overly pampered and feeds too much protein, fat and sugar for a long time, coupled with the lack of exercise, the female dog becomes too obese, fat deposits in the ovaries and fatty degeneration of the follicle epithelium, the affected animal does not show estrus, or does not conceive although in estrus, and even if she conceives, she has a high chance of miscarriage. 2. malnutrition: common dog food monotony, poor quality or lack of essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins, etc., specifically: vitamin A deficiency, can cause endometrial epithelial cells, oocytes and follicular epithelial cells degeneration. Vitamin E deficiency can cause pregnancy interruption, stillbirth or hidden abortion (fetus is absorbed); B vitamin deficiency can make the uterus contraction function is weakened, oocyte production and ovulation is destroyed, so that the female animal long-term estrus; vitamin D deficiency can cause the body mineral (especially calcium, phosphorus) metabolism disorders, which can indirectly cause infertility. Abnormal development of sexual organs: for example, incomplete development of reproductive organs or lack of reproductive ability when reaching mating age (infantile disease); hermaphroditism, i.e. having both male and female gonads; abnormal reproductive tract, such as slender cervix and uterine horn, too narrow or atresia of vagina or pubic door (unable to mate). 4. Disease infertility: such as cystic endometrial hyperplasia uterine pus accumulation syndrome, uterine inflammation, vaginitis, ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors, uterine and vaginal tumors, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, etc. 5. Reproductive technology infertility: mainly poor artificial insemination technology, semen preservation problems, so that it loses its activity, naturally unable to make the female dog conceive. 6. Environmental factors, sudden changes in temperature, sunlight, etc. can also lead to infertility. To treat dog infertility, the key to treatment is to correctly diagnose and identify the cause. Diagnosis requires both detailed consultation and systematic examination. The consultation should include questions about age, litter size, medical history, diet (source, quality, composition, number of most, etc.), mating situation and male dog situation. Treatment of infertility should be early rather than late. Treatment includes general treatment and targeted treatment. General treatment means strengthening feeding management, feeding regular full-price diets, giving necessary additives and strengthening exercise, etc. Targeted treatment means timely treatment of primary diseases, such as reproductive organ diseases, etc. In addition, hormone therapy is a relatively effective means of treating dog infertility, and the hormones available are triad hormone, prostaglandin, pregnant horse serum promotion, human chorionic gonadotropin, progesterone, estrogen and so on. However, discretion should be exercised in the selection and careful medication should be given to avoid discomfort to the dog. Note that for female dogs with the intention of being used for breeding, a dog food with high nutritional value, comprehensive and balanced nutrition and good efficacy in all aspects of body development (including reproductive system development) should be chosen from the early years. At the same time, pay attention to the dog’s reasonable work and rest, supplemented by the necessary level of exercise, from both the best nutrition and feeding management, so that the bitch can become a qualified breeding dog.
