For many female dogs that have not been spayed, they are highly susceptible to uterine disease. Common uterine diseases include endometritis and uterine pus accumulation. Endometritis in dogs is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bitch’s uterus. Often this inflammation can spread to the submucosa or myometrium of the bitch. Etiology: Usually, pathogenic microorganisms, such as streptococcus, staphylococcus, and E. coli, cause uterine infections through vaginal upstream during estrus, breeding, labor, difficult births, and the postpartum period. In addition, vaginitis, miscarriage, stillbirth, brucellosis, salmonellosis, etc., can all cause secondary endometritis. Symptoms: Acute endometritis, mostly seen within a few days after delivery, is characterized by elevated body temperature, depression, thirst and craving, inappetence, sometimes vomiting, arching of the back, and in some cases, a small amount of cloudy flocculent discharge from the vagina. Chronic endometritis, on the other hand, can be caused by acute inflammation or by chronic inflammatory stimulation, with little change in mental appetite. However, most of the body mass is thin, there is white plasma discharge from the vagina. The dog is not in heat in general, but the individual dogs in heat, but can not conceive. The uterus can be palpated and the horn of the uterus becomes hard and coarse. When a large amount of fluid accumulates, there may be a fluctuating sensation. An increase in abdominal girth is visible on the exterior. Diagnosis: It can be determined by the results of blood phase examination and X-ray examination. Treatment: 1. First, intramuscular injection of hexestrol 0.1 mg/kg body weight to open the uterine orifice and facilitate discharge of secretions. The next day, the uterine contraction drug is injected again, which can make the inflammatory secretions in the uterus fully discharged. 2. Systemic application of antimicrobial agents: penicillin 50,000 units/kg body weight, streptozotocin 40,000 units/kg body weight, mixed intramuscular injection, 2 times/day. 3. Systemic maintenance therapy: intravenous drip glucose saline 5% sodium bicarbonate, vitamin C, etc. 4. For cases where treatment is ineffective, ovariohysterectomy should be considered. Prevention: Improve the sanitation and disinfection of the bitch’s breeding, labor and postpartum: when performing induction of labor and caesarean section, be careful and standard operation, prevent injury, disinfection should be thorough and prevent infection; treat diseases such as abortion, fetal clothing, vaginitis, etc. in a timely manner; the bitch should be prophylactically injected with uterine contraction drugs after delivery, which can promote lactation and strengthen uterine recovery. Through the above comprehensive control measures, the disease can be effectively prevented. Uterine pus is an acute or chronic disease that occurs in dogs in late estrus, mostly in adult dogs, and is the most prevalent obstetrical disease in female dogs clinically. Etiology: In the late stage of estrus in dogs, the immune level of uterine cells is reduced by the increase of progesterone concentration and the decrease of estrogen concentration. The increased progesterone concentration leads to increased endometrial hyperplasia and glandular secretion, which likewise facilitates the growth and reproduction of foreign bacteria. The mucous membrane of the uterus becomes diseased by the invasion of foreign bacteria and uterine secretions increase. If the cervix is closed, no secretion is discharged; however, if the cervix is open, a foul-smelling, bloody, mucopurulent discharge is mainly discharged. In conclusion, canine uterine pus accumulation is a manifestation of uterine inflammatory lesions due to endometrial cystic hyperplasia, continuous stimulation of the endometrium by progesterone and bacterial infection. The age of onset of uterine pus in dogs can range from 4 months to 16 years of age, and it can occur in adult female dogs of all ages. The incidence of uterine pus is higher in bitches that have not given birth and in bitches older than 6 years of age. This is due to the fact that older dogs are prone to ovarian dysfunction, manifested mainly by ovarian atrophy, ovarian cysts and persistent corpus luteum. Progesterone secretion by the corpus luteum over a long period of time acts on the endometrium causing endometrial cystic hyperplasia, which leads to uterine pus accumulation. Canine uterine pus accumulation can occur in any breed of dog. Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, appetite is usually not affected, mental and body temperature are normal, and systemic symptoms of the affected dog are not obvious. Generally, 15-30 days after infection, the abdomen of the affected dog is enlarged, depressed, appetite is reduced, drinking and urinating more, and sometimes vomiting. The open type of uterine pus is discharging a large amount of purulent discharge from the pubic door, which is gray or red-brown in color, often accompanied by fishy odor. In the occluded type of uterine pus accumulation, there is no discharge from the pubic valve, the abdominal circumference increases, and there is a fluctuating sensation on palpation. Diagnosis: It can be determined based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, X-ray and ultrasound diagnostic findings. Treatment: Pharmacological treatment is mainly used for open uterine pus accumulation, where the contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus is stimulated by drugs to facilitate the emptying of the uterine pus accumulation. Antibiotics can also be injected into the uterus via the vagina. Surgical removal of the uterine ovaries is the most effective treatment for this disease. Since the recurrence rate of uterine pus accumulation in older bitches is up to 50% or more, ovariohysterectomy should be performed in bitches that do not require breeding. Given the importance of the disease on the canine reproductive system, it is recommended that adult bitches, who do not require breeding should be spayed as soon as possible, with all ovaries-uterus removed to avoid leaving residual tissues that may cause re-estrus, pregnancy and uterine pus accumulation, and to reduce the occurrence of the disease. Prevention: In view of the importance of the disease in the reproductive system of dogs, it is recommended that adult female dogs, if they do not need to breed, should be spayed as soon as possible and all ovaries and uterus should be removed to avoid leaving residual tissues, which may cause re-estrus, pregnancy and uterine pus accumulation and reduce the occurrence of the disease. Note that most of the spaying surgery for female dogs is done at the age of 5-6 months, and it is more appropriate to wait until sexual maturity, which will cause more bleeding.
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