The world in a dog’s eyes is not only black and white but also colored. The dog’s retina has two types of colored photoreceptors, or cone cells, that can distinguish between short wavelengths and medium and long wavelengths of light, or shades of blue (short wavelengths) and red and yellow (long wavelengths). Because dogs have only two types of cone cells, the colors that dogs can distinguish are no different from those of red-green-blind humans. But dogs can indeed see certain colors. Dogs can distinguish between shades of blue, indigo and violet, but have no special perception of high-color colors such as red and green in the spectrum. One of the methods is to shoot a colored light source into the eyes of puppies and analyze the spectrum or pattern of reflected light, and then compare the results with the same light source into the eyes of humans to do the analysis. Red is dark for dogs, while green is white for dogs, so a green lawn is a white lawn in the eyes of dogs.
The dog’s field of vision is extremely large but poorly adjusted The dog’s field of vision is very open, with the left and right fields of 100-125 degrees in one eye and the upper field of 50-70 degrees. The lower field of vision is 30-60 degrees, and it sees objects in front of it most clearly, while it is color blind. The dog’s ability to discriminate between the intensity of gray is very strong, relying on this ability will be able to distinguish between light and dark changes on the object, producing a three-dimensional visual image. The dog’s eyesight is not good, its eye crystal body is twice as thick as that of humans, so the dog is nearsighted. Its eye adjustment ability is only 1/5-1/3 of the human. within 50 meters can see clearly, more than this distance will not be able to see. But the movement of the target can feel the distance of 825 meters. The dog’s eyes reflect green light when exposed to light because the choroidal dog retina The light receptor in the dog’s eye – the retina – contains an abundance of columnar cells, which help with dark vision and detection of moving objects. Another type of cell in the retina is the vertebral cell, whose function is primarily to distinguish color and discern fine details. The canine retina has an additional choroidal layer that is strongly reflective and also increases the dog’s night vision. Because light entering the eye will hit the light receptors on the retina, it can also miss and penetrate the retina; however, in dogs, because of the choroidal layer, even if light misses and does not hit the light receptors, it will still reflect back to the retina, resulting in what is called second sight. The choroidal layer of the dog is also the cause of the dog’s eyes appearing yellow, green, red and other scary eyes when the light is strong. Different types of dogs have different vision Dog vision in relation to breed Short-nosed breeds (such as pit bulls) can see a longer depth of field, while long-nosed breeds (such as shepherds) have a wider field of view. In addition the cranial shape of the dog and the length of the nose can also affect its vision. It is generally accepted that most dogs are slightly nearsighted. A few are farsighted; however, the degree of both myopia and hyperopia is minimal.
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