How do I get rabies? Rabies is caused when a person is bitten by an animal such as a dog or cat with rabies or an animal with rabies virus and the rabies virus enters the body through the broken skin. It has been reported that rabies can be transmitted through the respiratory tract, and that bats living in caves are infected through the respiratory tract, and there have been untoward cases of aerosol rabies infection in caves and laboratories.
How can rabies be prevented? ① Do not keep dogs, cats and other animals; ② Keep dogs, cats and other animals, you must regularly inject these animals with rabies vaccine; ③ Do not be injured by these animals; ④ After being injured by dogs, cats and other animals, you should promptly dispose of the wound and go to the disease control (epidemic prevention), hospitals and other health institutions to inject human rabies vaccine, or whether you should inject anti-rabies virus serum according to medical advice.
How to properly use rabies vaccine after an animal injury? Do not take risks when bitten by a dog. Local disposition + antiserum injection + rabies vaccine immunization “trident”: 1. Contact persons with mild bites need an effective human rabies vaccine throughout; 2. Persons exposed to severe bites need combined immunization, i.e., human rabies vaccine and antirabies serum for early protection, but antirabies must be administered prior to serum. Allergy test, if the reaction is positive, desensitization treatment should be taken to prevent accidents. (3) Injection method: Rabies vaccine should be injected into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm for adults and into the anterior thigh muscle for children; buttock injection is prohibited.
Which persons should be vaccinated against rabies? Those bitten by wolves, foxes and other beasts: those bitten by dogs and cats with the onset of rabies; those whose skin wounds are contaminated with rabies saliva; those who have nursed or come into contact with patients with broken skin and are contaminated with the secretions of rabies patients; in rabies endemic areas: veterinarians, animal managers, field workers, etc. Those who were bitten by animal dogs in the past and did not receive the human rabies vaccine at that time should also receive it now, and the sooner the better. Since the incubation period of rabies varies from a few days to several years, do not give up the opportunity to receive the vaccine, as long as the vaccine is given before the onset of the disease, it will protect the body. How to properly treat the wound? After being bitten by a crazy animal, regardless of whether the bite is severe or light, you should immediately (within 3 hours after the injury) wash the wound with soapy water and water, preferably with 20% soapy water, and for large and deep wounds, use 0.2% Neosporin or 0.1% mercury to completely wash the wound after debridement (pay attention to the replacement of cotton swabs). The earlier the local disposal, the better, even if delayed 1 to 2 days, or even 3 to 4 days, the local disposal should not be neglected. At this time, if the wound has crusted, the crust should be removed and then repeatedly washed with soap and water until slightly bleeding is possible, then flushed with water and then coated with 2% or 3% iodine.
What are the contraindications to rabies vaccination? Because rabies is a lethal disease, there are no contraindications to vaccination.
After receiving rabies vaccine and serum, what should I pay attention to in my work, life and diet? Do I need to avoid drinking alcohol, strong tea and other stimulating foods and strenuous exercise if I am bitten or scratched by a pet cat or dog that has received the veterinary rabies vaccine? Yes, because it can only protect cats and dogs from the disease, but they may still carry the virus. The disease process and precautions take a few days or longer to nurture the disease after being bitten by a rabid dog or sick cat. In the early stages of rabies, patients often have symptoms such as low-grade fever, headache, laziness, nausea, irritability, fear and irritability. Then, the patient becomes extremely sensitive to stimuli such as sound, light or wind and feels a tightening of the throat immediately after a mild stimulus. There is also an abnormal numbness and itching sensation around the wounds from the bites of sick animals. It seems as if ants are crawling on the limbs and hands. After two or three days, the condition enters an euphoric phase. The patient is in a state of high excitement. The prominent manifestation is extreme terror, fear of water, fear of wind, touching sound, light, wind, etc., there will be severe muscle spasms in the throat. Although the patient is very thirsty, he is afraid to drink water, and even if he drinks water, he cannot swallow it, and even when he hears the sound of running water or when others talk about water, he will have throat spasms. In severe cases, the patient has painful convulsions throughout the body, causing difficulty in breathing. The majority of patients with rabies are conscious; however, some patients may become mentally disturbed and talk nonsense. After about two or three days of excitement, the patient becomes quiet, but then suffers general paralysis, respiratory and circulatory failure, and rapidly falls into a coma, and dies after a dozen hours. The course of rabies usually does not exceed six days. Rabies is very difficult to treat, and once the disease has developed, there is little hope of a cure. Therefore, prevention is especially important. Kill all wild dogs. If diseased dogs or cats are found, they must be shot immediately to prevent further injury. The carcasses of diseased animals should be buried deeply and should not be skinned. Also contact the epidemic prevention department. Dogs and cats that bite people should be captured and quarantined for 10 days to see if they have rabies. Domestic dogs should be managed according to the law and dogs and cats should be vaccinated against rabies. For those who have a greater chance of contracting rabies, rabies vaccination should be given as soon as possible. Do you only get rabies after a rabid dog bite? Rabies is originally an animal-borne disease and many animals such as wolves, foxes, dogs and cats can develop the disease. However, it is cats and dogs that are most closely related to humans, and rabies in humans accounts for more than 90% of cases transmitted by dogs, followed by cats. The saliva of a rabid dog or other rabid animal already contains a large amount of virus. When biting a person, the virus in the saliva stains the wound and invades the person’s body causing infection, which is one of the most common ways for people to get rabies. However, rabies is not only caused by dog bites, but the rabies virus can also cause infection through the mucous membranes. For example, if a child has a bowel movement and the family dog licks the anus, although there is no bite, if the dog’s saliva contains the virus, the child can get rabies. One farmer accidentally cut his finger while skinning a rabid dog and died of rabies afterwards. In addition, rabies virus can survive for a long time in a dead animal. Therefore, do not skin a dead rabid dog, not to eat the meat, or to sell it in the market, it must be burned or buried in a deep pit to prevent other animals from biting. How to identify crazy animals ? The early signs of a crazy animal are mainly significant changes in temperament, such as anxiety or fear and nervousness. Some sick animals show unusual friendliness to their owners, wagging their tails and begging for mercy, but they also bite under mild stimuli and actively attack strangers; some are solitary, do not stay with other animals and are insensitive to their owners; others are lonely. Quirks, such as eating dirt, gnawing grass, chewing wood, etc. It is difficult to detect these abnormalities without careful observation. Sick animals in the early stages of the disease, saliva contains a large number of rabies virus, at this time, if close, swimming is easy to be infected and sick. Mad animal after the early onset of the disease will enter the excitement period, manifested as sitting on pins and needles, running around, biting and screaming erratically, at this time has been unable to identify strangers and acquaintances, and show the madness of attacking people, many people are bitten at this time. Then the sick dog droops tail, or tail between the legs, open mouth, smooth mouth drooling, swallowing difficulties, walking wobbly, the whole body hair erected. Into the late stage, the sick animal soon developed respiratory distress, systemic failure and death. It should be noted that a small number of crazy animal performance for the “quiet type”, that is, no obvious excitement; there are a few animals do not develop, for the so-called “carrying the virus state” (with rabies virus, can be transmitted to people or other animals, but itself actually does not develop), not noticed by people, more dangerous. How to dispose of a rabid dog after it is killed? Data from our rabies incidence survey shows that the vast majority (over 90%) of cases are bitten by rabies, so eliminating rabies is one of the key measures to prevent rabies. Because rabies virus can survive for a long time in dead animals, rabies can be spread by skinning and eating dog meat. Therefore, we should not skin a dead rabid dog, eat dog meat, or throw it around, let alone sell it in the market. Instead, we should burn or dig deep ground pits to prevent other animals from digging, gnawing on the carcass and expanding contamination. We should also treat other killed madmen equally.
