Habitat characteristics of dogs

The sensitive sense of smell of dogs is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is the sensitivity to odor; the other is the ability to discriminate odor. The dog’s ability to perceive odor can reach the molecular level. For example, when 1 cubic centimeter contains 9000 molecules of butyric acid, the dog can smell it, and in general there are about 268×10.e+16 molecules per cubic centimeter of air. Therefore, dogs can feel the concentration of butyric acid is 3.36 × 10.e-17 two people will be able to sniff out when the sulfuric acid diluted by one ten millionth. Sensitive hearing dogs can not only distinguish extremely small high-frequency sound and the ability to discriminate the source of sound is also very strong. It has been tested that its hearing is 16 times that of a human. Dogs can establish conditioned reflexes for human commands or simple language based on changes in tone and syllables to complete the tasks given by the owner. A dog can hear a very soft muzzle without the need to shout. Excessive sound or audio is a kind of adversity stimulation for the dog, which makes the dog feel painful and frightened to avoid it. Of course, a harsher muzzle can be used to prohibit or correct a dog’s misbehavior. Dogs with poor vision are color blind. The dog’s ability to perceive objects is determined by the state in which the object is located. A fixed target can be seen within 50 meters, but a moving target can be perceived at a distance of 825 meters. The dog’s field of vision is very open monocular with a left and right field of view of 100 degrees to 125 degrees above the field of view of 50 degrees to 70 degrees below the field of view of 30 degrees to 60 degrees. It sees objects in front of it most clearly, but because the dog’s head turns very flexible, so it can do “eye to eye and ear to ear”. There are many indications that all animals rely on telepathy to transmit information, and this is especially true of dogs. The connection between dog and dog, human and dog, and dog and beast all have their own way of transmitting, either replacing information or refining sensory information. For example, dogs often treat cats in a hostile manner. Dogs are very jealous of cats, but through various human expressions and training, dogs can appreciate their owners’ love for cats and will live together in harmony. Typical examples of the dog’s extrasensory perception are: premonitions of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, running and barking outside. It can also help the dog to recognize directions and find its way home from a long distance, even years apart. A trained dog is able to analyze the meaning of its owner’s command and perform well when performing a task without even waiting for the owner to finish a simple gesture or a sentence. This is an unexplained attraction between human and dog in common activities – a super-sense related to the excellent dog training results obtained by a good dog trainer. Digestive characteristics Dogs can digest and absorb proteins and fats very well, but because of inadequate chewing and short intestinal tubes without fermentation ability, they have poor digestion of crude fiber. Therefore, when feeding vegetables to dogs, they should be chopped and cooked, and should not be fed in whole pieces or whole plants. Dogs belong to the order Carnivora in animal taxonomy. The ancestors of dogs mainly preyed on small animals and occasionally used tubers to satisfy their hunger. After dogs were raised by humans, their diet changed to an omnivore with a predominantly carnivorous diet, but a vegetarian diet can also sustain life. Even so, they now maintain a meat-based digestive characteristics such as the upper and lower teeth of dogs have a pair of sharp canines reflect the characteristics of carnivores good at tearing prey canine molars are also relatively sharp and strong to cut off food gnawing bones between the upper and lower teeth pressure up to 165 kg, but not good at chewing. Therefore, dogs really “gobble” when eating, rarely chew. Dogs have a rich transverse muscle vomiting center developed in the esophageal wall. When eating poisonous substances can cause a strong vomiting reflex to swallow the poisonous substances in the stomach is a relatively unique defense instinct. The salivary glands of dogs are well developed and can secrete a lot of saliva to moisten the mouth and feed to facilitate chewing and swallowing. Saliva also contains lysozyme, which has a bactericidal effect. In the hot season, it relies on the evaporation of water from saliva to regulate body temperature. Therefore, in the summer we can often see the dog open the mouth and extend the long tongue is to replace the sweating heat. Canine stomach is not pear-shaped gastric juice content of hydrochloric acid is 0.4 ~ 0.6% in domestic animals in the first place. Hydrochloric acid can make protein swelling and denaturation to facilitate decomposition and digestion. Therefore, dogs have a strong ability to digest proteins, which is the basis of their meat-eating habits. Dogs can empty all the food in their stomachs in 5-7 hours after eating, much faster than other herbivores or omnivores. The intestinal canal of dogs is generally only 3 to 4 times its body length, while the intestinal canal of horses and rabbits, which are also monogastric, is 12 times its body length. Dogs have thick intestinal walls with high absorption capacity, which are typical of meat-eating characteristics. The liver of the dog is relatively large, equivalent to about 3% of body weight, and the bile secreted facilitates the absorption of fat. The dog’s fecal center is not developed and cannot defecate in a walking state like other domestic animals. They can identify the sex, age, physical condition and attitude of the dog by sniffing each other’s external genital area, which is the most emotionally reflective part of the dog’s body (the dermal glands in this area secrete odors that are very seductive to the dog). When two dogs sniff each other, they are showing their attitude. An older dog or alpha dog has the right to inspect the external genitalia of a male, female, or puppy that is younger and second in status to him. There is a certain procedure when two dogs come into contact, i.e., first sniffing each other, then touching the shoulder coat, and finally examining the external genitalia. In addition to sniffing each other, both male and female dogs have the habit of frequently inspecting their external genitalia and carefully licking them with their tongues to keep them clean. This is a health care practice that should not be objected to or reprimanded. When a dog frequently sniffs his or her own iris, it can be assumed that the dog is experiencing discomfort and abnormal digestive function and should be promptly examined or treated. Good group living Dogs are good at living in groups by nature, but there is a clear hierarchy in the group. In a dog breeding facility, rural or suburban dog group, there is always a leader dog (usually the older dog) who dominates and governs the group. How does a higher ranking or older alpha dog indicate its hierarchical superiority? Usually the following specific actions are used to indicate this: for example, allowing it but not allowing the other dog to examine its reproductive organs; not allowing the other dog to urinate where the other dog has urinated; the other dog can wag its head, wag its tail, play naughty, or retreat, sit or lie down in front of the alpha dog, and only stand when the alpha dog leaves; after the hierarchical dominance is clear, hostility is eliminated and the dog begins to become friends. The dog will show the same posture to its owner. Tractability and human interaction are natural habits, but the degree to which they occur often depends on the degree of “imprinting” of human contact at 3 to 7 weeks of age. If a dog spends the first two months of its life with its parents or other dogs, but not with people, or does not really get to know them, it will stay away from people for the rest of its life and will be difficult to train. If it is born with human affection, this makes it recognize people as friends, as partners with whom it can play, and is familiar with human scents, is amiable to people, and is easily trained. This is very important when selecting and training a dog, noting its imprinting stage. Sense of Territory Dogs, like other animals (such as felines, birds and rodents), have a sense of territory, centering on itself, marking out boundaries with its own scent, and updating it frequently. A territory can belong to only one or two dogs, or an entire pack. If a foreign dog enters a dog’s territory, it will act very cautiously. If the territorial owner (dog) comes, the intruder will not dare to look at it, pretend to be busy with other things to avoid fighting with the territorial dog, and then leave. So, how does a dog mark its territory? Usually it is to fix some points along its usual walking route. For example, when a male dog goes for a walk, he always urinates a small amount on a fixed tree trunk, under a street lamp or in a corner. One dog’s scent can let another dog know the dog’s territory, sex, age and health status. Interestingly, a small dog passing by a large dog’s territorial trail will try to raise its hind limbs to urinate to cover the trail left by the large dog. A large male dog passing over a trail left by a small dog will try to urinate in a lower than normal position to cover the trail left by the small dog. However, a female dog’s sense of territory is not as pronounced as a male dog’s, and she only uses urine to mark the boundaries of her territory or to define the path during her heat to tell the surrounding males that she is in heat. Normally, females are not as protective of their territory and their position in the pack as males are, and females only take care of their litters.